Kanada ifite ibigega bya gatatu bya peteroli ku isi, ahanini biherereye mu mucanga wa peteroli.Nubwo umucanga wamavuta hamwe nububiko bwa shale biboneka kwisi yose, umucanga wamavuta ya Alberta wuzuye amazi, bigatuma gukuramo bitum bishoboka bishoboka ukoresheje amazi ashyushye gusa.Wige byinshi kubijyanye no kubitsa bidasanzwe, hamwe na bimwe mubikoresho bya shimi na physique.
Umusenyi wamavuta nububiko bwumucanga burimo ibintu bya peteroli cyane bizwi nka bitumen.Ibibuye byumucanga bidashyizwe hamwe bigizwe cyane cyane numucanga, ibumba namazi yuzuyemo bitum.Umusenyi wamavuta rimwe na rimwe bavugwa nkumusenyi wa tar cyangwa umusenyi wa bituminiyumu.
Imiterere nyayo yumucanga wamavuta ya Alberta irashobora gutandukana cyane, ndetse no muburyo bumwe bwa geologiya.Ubusanzwe amavuta yumucanga arimo bitumen 10%, amazi 5% na 85%.Ariko, ibirimo bitumen birashobora kuba hejuru ya 20% mubice bimwe.
Ibintu bikomeye biri mububiko bwamavuta yumucanga ahanini ni umucanga wa quartz silika (mubisanzwe hejuru ya 80%), hamwe nigice gito cya potasiyumu feldspar nibumba ryiza.Amabuye y'agaciro y'ibumba ubusanzwe agizwe na kaolinite, illite, chlorite na smectite.Kubitsa bifite ibihano byinshi bikunda kuba bifite bitumen nkeya, kandi mubisanzwe bifatwa nkamabuye yo hasi.Amande akubiye mugice cyamazi yo kubitsa.
Ibirimo byamazi nabyo birashobora gutandukana cyane, kuva kuri zeru kugeza kuri 9%.Muri rusange, ibice bifite amazi menshi nabyo bikunda kugira bitum nke hamwe nibihano byinshi.Amazi akubiye mu mucanga wa peteroli (bakunze kwita amazi ahuza) atwara hamwe na ion nyinshi zishonga, harimo sodium, potasiyumu, calcium, chloride na sulfate.Amande akunda guhurizwa hamwe mubitsa, rimwe na rimwe byitwa lens ibumba.
Ubwenge busanzwe nuko ingano zumucanga zitwikiriwe nigice cyamazi, nubwo iki gitekerezo kitigeze kigaragazwa.Amazi, umucanga, ibumba na bitumen bivanze mububiko bwumucanga wamavuta.